TASK 9

• GRAMMAR : SEARCH FOR COMPLETES NOTES ON THE TECHNIQUES OF SKIMMING AND SCANNING AND SUMMARIZING TECHNIQUES .

Skimming and scanning are very important reading techniques. In short, skimming refers to looking through material quickly to gather a general sense of the ideas, information, or topic itself. When you skim, you read through an article three to four times faster than when you read each word. Scanning refers to reading through material to find specific information. When you scan, you run your eyes over text or information to pull out specific words, phrases, or data.

SKIMMING

WHY DO IT: to quickly assess the value of the article and determine if it is worth your time and energy to spend any more time with it. HOW TO DO IT: Read the title Read the introduction Read all the subheadings and think about how they are related to one another and to the title Read the first sentence in each paragraph. You may also need to read the last sentence in each paragraph depending on the style of writing. Go back through the text looking for clues as to content and importance. Such clues include: words that answer who, what, when where, why and how, proper nouns, numbers, adjectives such as best, worst, most, least, etc, changes in font such as italics, underlining, boldface, etc Read the last paragraph After skimming you should be able to know the general ideas of what the article is about and be able to determine if it fits your needs or not. If not, let it go. You’re done. Move on to the next article.

SCANNING

WHY DO IT: to find a specific fact or piece of information that you need for something else. HOW TO DO IT: Remember what it is you are looking for so you will not be distracted by other pieces of information Anticipate how the information looks – is it identified by numbers, italics, proper nouns, etc. Run your eyes over several lines at one time When you find the information you are looking for, focus your eyes and attention there and read the entire sentence. You may also need to read the sentence before and after as well. When you understand what skimming and scanning are and how to use these techniques, you can manage a large amount of text in a relatively short amount of time. Skimming and scanning skills allow you to use your time both efficiently and effectively.

• BLOG : SUMMARIZE THE TEXT GIVEN BY THE LECTURER AND POST IT IN YOUR BLOG

A new form of lie detector that works by voice analysis and which can be used without a subject’s knowledge has been introduced in Britain. The Dektor psychological stress analyser (PSE) is used by private industry for pre-employment screening, investigating thefts, and even periodic staff checks. The PSE works by analysing this infrasonic FM component. Dektor claims that the muscle tightening occurs very quickly, and can change from one word to the next, so that it is possible to pick out a word or phrase that caused stress. In the US, the device is used for pre-employment interviews, with questions such as ‘Have you used marihuana?’ and for monthly checks with branch managers, asking questions like ‘Do you suspect any present employees of cheating the company?’- which at least prevents a manager from setting his own pace to investigate possibly suspicious behaviour. The objection to its use are that the most serious problem is that its primary application will be in situations where people may not object - such as pre-employment interviews. The PSE can be used without the subject even knowing; its inventors analysed the televised Watergate hearings and told the press who they thought was lying.